![]() Monitor an unborn baby - 3D or 4D ultrasound scans produce still or video images of the baby.Guide doctors during certain procedures eg a needle biopsy, where a needle is inserted to collect a tissue sample, or an injection to treat frozen shoulder.Examine internal organs and tissues (eg the appendix bladder, gallbladder, kidneys, liver, lymph nodes, ovaries, pancreas, testes and thyroid gland) to diagnose a condition - an ultrasound scan can determine whether an abnormal lump is a solid tumour or fluid-filled cyst and can also detect kidney or gallbladder stones.Diagnose bone, joint, muscle or tendon problems eg carpal tunnel syndrome, frozen shoulder, Morton's neuroma and tennis elbow.Detect heart abnormalities eg heart valve defects or examine the size, function and pressures in your heart and heart valves - this uses an echocardiogram.Check the flow of fluids through your body eg blood flow problems, such as deep vein thrombosis or aneurysms - this uses either a Doppler or duplex ultrasound scan.The results of your scan will be analysed by a doctor in the relevant area of expertise eg a radiologist, cardiologist or another specialist. Your ultrasound scan will usually be carried out by a sonographer (a person trained in ultrasound scanning). Lower frequencies pass further into your body and therefore can create images of tissues deep inside your body, but the images are of poorer quality. This means high-frequency sound waves can’t create images of tissues deep inside your body. Higher frequencies produce better quality images but they are also absorbed by your skin and other tissues. Ultrasound scans that are used to diagnose conditions are usually performed at 2-18 Hertz. The unit of measurement for sound waves - their frequency - is Hertz. You can’t hear the sound waves produced - the term ultrasound refers to sound waves that are beyond the human hearing range. This information is sent to a computer that turns them into moving images in real-time. The sound waves bounce off the different tissues that make up your body and these echoes are detected by the ultrasound probe. An ultrasound scan (also called a sonogram) uses high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of the inside of the body.
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